SELECT 
  a.modifier, 
  a.modifier_type, 
  a.variant_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_option_variants a 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND a.variant_id IN (
    9, 17, 26, 34, 90, 98, 106, 115, 185, 216, 
    247, 278, 309
  )

Query time 0.00020

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.01438419,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "a",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["variant_id"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 13,
          "cost": 0.01438419,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "a.variant_id in (9,17,26,34,90,98,106,115,185,216,247,278,309)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}