SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    189, 192, 168, 188, 166, 203, 196, 3, 165, 
    167, 221, 184, 193, 224, 160, 820, 169, 
    200
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 11 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00025

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.00345856,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
          "key": "idx_storefront_id",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["storefront_id"],
          "ref": ["const"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 1,
          "cost": 0.00345856,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 11 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (189,192,168,188,166,203,196,3,165,167,221,184,193,224,160,820,169,200)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}